The tests will be needed to diagnose heart disease depending on the condition the doctor thought possible. No
matter what kind of heart disease, your doctor may perform a physical
exam and ask about your medical history and personal family before any
other tests. Tests to diagnose heart disease may include:
Blood test. You may need to have blood drawn and tested the substance in the blood that can indicate heart disease. Your
doctor may check your cholesterol and triglycerides, blood cell count,
or other blood tests that can be shown to be harmful to the heart.
X - ray. The image was created by X - ray of the chest. X - rays to create a small explosion of radiation passing through the body and creates an image on film, digital photo. X - ray showed a picture of your heart, lungs and blood vessels. It can reveal if the heart is expanding, a sign of some form of heart disease.
An electrocardiogram (ECG).
In a non-invasive test, a technician will place the probe on the chest
to record the electrical impulses that cause the heart to beat. ECG records electrical signals and can help doctors detect abnormal heart rhythms and structures. There may be an electrocardiogram during a break, or during stress.
Holter monitor. A Holter monitor is a portable device that even to record a continuous ECG, usually 24 to 72 hours. Holter monitoring is used to detect abnormal heart rhythms sometimes not found in test routine ECG.
Echocardiography. Non-invasive, including breast ultrasound, shows detailed images of the heart structure and function. Ultrasonic waves are transmitted, and their echoes are recorded with a device called a transducer held outside the body. A computer uses the information from the adapter to create moving images on a video screen.
In
some cases in which the image of an echocardiogram is often not clear,
your doctor may recommend a transesophageal ultrasound. In this test, swallow a flexible tube containing a small switch on the size of your index finger, guided down the throat. The adapter will transmit images of the heart to a computer screen.
Cardiac catheterization. In this test, a short pipe (casing) is put into a vein or artery in the leg (groin) or arm. A hollow, flexible (guide catheter) and then put into the casing. Thanks to the image X - ray screen, the physician guides the catheter through the artery until it reaches the heart. The pressure in the chamber can be measured, and the dye may be injected. Dyes
can be seen on an X-ray, allows the doctor to see the flow of blood
through the heart, blood vessels and valves to test abnormalities.
Biopsy.
Sometimes, cardiac biopsy will be performed as part of a cardiac
catheterization, especially if the doctor suspects a heart inflammation
and has been unable to confirm with other tests. In cardiac biopsy, a small sample of tissue is removed through cardiac catheter and sent to a lab for testing.
Heart Computed tomography (CT scan). This test is often used to test or cardiac arrhythmias. In a CT scan of the heart on a table inside a donut-shaped machine. A tube X - rays inside the camera body around and collect images of the heart and chest. Some find the accumulation of calcium in the arteries, which may indicate that there is the risk of a heart attack. However, the scan is not recommended for most people, as the information they provide is often not useful.
Magnetic resonance images (MRI). In cardiac MRI, lying on a table inside a long tube-like machine that generates a magnetic field. From the fitted atomic particles in some of the cells. When radio waves are broadcast on affiliate particles, producing a signal change depending on their size. Pictures
of the heart is generated from these signals, in which the doctor will
look to help determine the cause of heart condition.
Treatments and drugs
Methods of treating various heart diseases. It may be necessary lifestyle changes, medication, surgery or other medical procedures as part of the treatment.
Treatment of cardiovascular disease
The goal in the treatment of arterial disease (CVD) is often open narrowed arteries causing the symptoms. Depending on the severity of the blockage in the arteries, treatment may include:
Changing lifestyle. Whether mild or severe heart disease, your doctor will likely recommend lifestyle changes as part of the treatment. Lifestyle
changes including low fat, low sodium, at least 30 minutes of moderate
exercise on most days of the week, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol
consumption.
Medications. If lifestyle changes alone are not enough, your doctor may prescribe medications to control heart disease. This
may include blood pressure medications, such as diuretics and
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) inhibitors or beta
blockers, blood thinners, such as aspirin daily therapy, or medication
Cholesterol-lowering statins or fibrates such.
Medical procedures or surgery. If the drug is not enough, your doctor may recommend Should specific procedure or surgery to remove blockages in the heart. A
common procedure is angioplasty, is performed by placing a catheter in
an artery in the arm or groin and threaded a small ball to blocked
arteries and pump it to reopen the artery. A small metal coil called a stent is usually placed in the artery during angioplasty. Stents help keep the artery open.
Sometimes, a more invasive procedure, surgical coronary artery bypass is necessary. In
this procedure, the artery was removed and a vein from another part of
the body - usually the legs - to replace the diseased portion of the
artery.
Treatment of cardiac arrhythmias
Depending on the severity of the condition, your doctor may simply suggest maneuver to adjust medication or irregular heartbeat. It may need a medical device or surgery if the condition is more serious.
Rehearsal vagus wire.
There may prevent some cardiac arrhythmias using specific exercises,
including holding the breath and stress, soaked in ice face, or cough. Your doctor may recommend other maneuvers to slow tachycardia. The exercise affects the nervous system controls the heart rate (vagal nerve), often cause bradycardia. Do not attempt any operation without talking to your doctor first.
Medicines. Those with heart rate may respond well to anti-arrhythmic drugs. Although not cure the problem, can reduce pain or slow down heart palpitations occur. Some drugs can slow the heart so much that can and needs a pacemaker. It is important to perform any anti-arrhythmic exactly as directed by your doctor to avoid complications.
Medical procedures. Two common procedures for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias and heart rate cut. In arrhythmias, shock is used to reset your regular heartbeat. Usually this is done on the chest, can provide an electric shock set track. For sedated during the procedure, it is not related pain. During removal, one or a catheter threaded through blood vessels to the heart inside. Set in the heart region is determined by the doctor, causing arrhythmias. The electrodes destroy (cut) a small heart tissue and creates an electrical block along the road causing arrhythmias.
Pacemaker or defibrillator is implanted under the skin (ICD). In some cases, your doctor may recommend that you have a pacemaker or ICD implanted to regulate the heartbeat. Pacemaker
emits electrical pulses to quicken the heartbeat if it becomes too
late, and the ICD can correct a tachycardia or chaos by using a similar
type of electrical pulses used in heart rate. The surgery to implant a device is relatively small, and usually requires only a few days to recover.
Surgery. For severe arrhythmias, or for those who have an underlying cause such as a heart defect, surgery may be an option. Because
the surgery to repair cardiac arrhythmias is open sometimes take months
to recover, surgery is often a last treatment option.
Treatment of heart defects
Some
heart defects are minor and do not require treatment, while others may
require regular inspection, even if the medication or surgery. Depending on what heart defect and severity, treatment may include:
Medications.
Some minor congenital heart defects, especially those found later in
childhood or adulthood, can be treated with drugs that help the heart
works more efficiently.
Special procedures using the catheter. Some
people who have congenital heart repair techniques using catheter,
allowing repairs to be carried out without the need for surgery to open
the chest and heart. In
the procedure can be performed by using information, the doctor inserts
a small tube (catheter) into a vein in the leg and guided it into the
center with the help of the image X - ray. Once
the catheter is put in place of the error, the small tool is inserted
through the catheter to the heart to repair the defect.
Open heart surgery. In some cases, the doctor may perform open heart surgery to try to repair heart defects. The surgery is a medical procedure, and sometimes requires a long recovery time. May need more surgery in a few years to fix.
Heart transplantation. If a serious heart defect can not be repaired, a heart transplant may be an option.
Treatment of cardiomyopathy
Treatment of myocardial different, depending on the type of cardiomyopathy have and how severe. Treatments may include:
Medication.
Doctors may prescribe medications can improve the heart's pumping
ability, such as ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers. Beta blockers, makes the heart beat slower and less powerful, reducing stress on it.
Medical Equipment.
If dilated cardiomyopathy, treatment may include a special pacemaker
coordinates contractions between the left and right ventricles of the
heart, improve the heart's pumping ability. If there is risk of serious cardiac arrhythmia, a defibrillator is implanted under the skin (ICD) may be an option. ICD
is a small device implanted in the chest to continuously monitor heart
rhythm and deliver electrical shocks when needed to control abnormal
heart palpitations. The device can also work as a pacemaker.
Heart transplantation. If you have serious heart disease and medication can not control the symptoms, a heart transplant may be necessary.
Treatment of infection of the heart
The treatment of infectious diseases such as heart endocarditis, pericarditis or myocarditis is usually medication, may include:
Antibiotics. If the condition is caused by a bacterium, the doctor will prescribe antibiotics. Antibiotics given by a line (IV) administered intravenously for 2-6 weeks, depending on severe infection.
These medications to regulate the heartbeat.
If the infection affects your heart rate, your doctor may prescribe
medication as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme or beta
blockers to help normalize the heartbeat.
If severe heart damage may require surgery to repair damaged parts of the heart.
Treatment of heart valve disease
Although
treatments for heart valve disease can vary depending on what van
affected and the severity of condition, treatment options usually
include:
Medicines. Maybe if mild valvular heart disease, can be managed with medication only. It
is usually prescribed for heart valve disease include drug to open the
blood vessels (vasodilator), cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins), drugs
that decrease water retention (diuretic), and blood-thinning
medications ( anticoagulants).
Balloon valvuloplasty. This procedure is sometimes used as a treatment procedure stenosis. In this procedure, a small tube through a vein in the leg and to the heart. An uninflated ball is placed through the narrowed pulmonary valve. Doctors then inject the ball, opening narrowed pulmonary valve and increase the area for blood flow.
Valve repair or replacement. If the condition is severe, you may need surgery to repair the situation. Doctor can fix the valve. If the valve can not be repaired, it can be replaced with a valve replacement made of synthetic materials.
Không có nhận xét nào:
Đăng nhận xét